Electric Car and Environment
The growth of motorized vehicles is increasing currently. Based on BPS data (Nasional Bureau of Statisctic), growth in the number of national motorized is worrying because fuel consumption significantly raises so that the amount of Indonesian fuel imports jumped dramatically. The value of fuel imports about 70-80% is consumed by the land transportation sector. This is expected to increase constantly and according to the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) document, fuel imports will exceed IDR 550 trillion in 2025.
at this time, Fuel uses for motor vehicles also as a contributor to the air pollution especially in big cities. The last measurement of the Environment Service shows that the air quality in big cities in Indonesia has worsened and the majority is caused by motor vehicle emissions. In Jakarta, for example, air quality is above the value of 155 from the upper threshold of 200 which shows that it is unhealthy and 78% of the causes are vehicles fossil fuel (BBM) engines.
The things above encourage the need for energy conservation in the ground transportation sector from fossil fuels. We need to use more other forms of clean energy and the availability of energy comes from local sources. The first suitable option is the implementation of Electric Vehicle (EV) for the land transportation sector, both personal and for public purposes. EV is considered more environmentally friendly because it does not emit gas emissions as it would in a fossil fuel vehicle. Environmental aspects will drive the general public to prefer EV in the future. Air pollution in urban areas will be drastically reduced if EVs is widely used in urban areas. This is what causes commitment of developed countries to encourage the development of implementation EV. Following are the policies of several countries related to EV:
● Norway, will sell electric vehicles in 2025.
● The Netherlands, will sell electric vehicles in 2025.
● Germany, will sell electric vehicles in 2030.
● India, will sell electric vehicles in 2030.
Electric Car Market Trends
The trend of the electric car market in Indonesia since 2011 is almost entirely dominated by hybrid type electric cars in line with the government's wishes to reduce CO2 emissions produced by the transportation sector.
Meanwhile, A total of 1,594 units of electrification technology vehicles (electric vehicles, EV) were sold at the GAIKINDO Indonesia International Auto Show or GIIAS 2022 automotive exhibition. This figure exceeds sales throughout 2021. The sales achievement of electric vehicles at the GIIAS event was far greater than EV sales during the one year period in 2021.
Picture below shows the market trend electric car in Indonesia period of years 2011-2019.
Electric Demand Projection
Based on the assumptions and market trends above and taking into account issuance of a Presidential Regulation concerning the Acceleration of Electric Motorized Vehicles Battery for Road Transport as well as production line setup time in manufacturing units, the estimation growth in electric vehicles quantity in Indonesia are estimated as in the table below.
Tabel 1. Electric Vehicle Growth Projection 
The calculation of the accumulated number of electric vehicles in the table above is carried out taking into account the number of electric vehicles already circulating in Indonesia since 2011. Projection and preparation of roadmap update are being carried out taking into account the recovery time demand electric car due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Estimated Electrical Energy Needs for EV
Following are the assumptions used in calculating the need for Electrical Energy for EVs :
Tabel 2. Assumption Used in EV Energy Consumption Calculation
Assuming that the minimum average mileage range of the vehicle electricity a year is 8,500 km and the maximum is 18,800 km/year, then maximum electricity consumption of an electric vehicle with an average battery capacity an average of 0.189 kWh/km. Consider charging period based on the type and type of charger, the average electricity demand can be determined in every year. the population of electric vehicles is estimated as many as 11,873 units in 2022, estimated needs average energy of 30.6 GWh. In accordance with the roadmap prepared until the year 2024 with an estimated number of electric vehicles of 38,491 units in the that year, the average energy demand in 2024 is around 99.3 GWh.
Reference
Electricity Business Plan (RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) 2021-2030
https://www.gaikindo.or.id/1-594-mobil-listrik-terjual-di-giias-2022-angkanya-meningkat/
